Alternative Name(s):

LAP (TGF-beta-1)

Species: (Organism)

Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

Gene Names:

Tgfb1

Tag info:

N-terminal 6xHis-tagged

Target Protein AA Sequence:

LSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLASPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESADPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVDRNNAIYDKTKDITHSIYMFFNTSDIREAVPEPPLLSRAELRLQRFKSTVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWRYLGNRLLTPTDTPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLNQGDGIQGFRFSAHCSCDSKDNVLHVEINGISPKRRGDLGTIHDMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLHSSRHRR

Expression Region:

30-278aa

Subcellular Location:

Tissue Specificity:

Protein Length:

Partial

Pathway:

Mol. Weight:

29.6 kDa

Purity:

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Form:

Liquid or Lyophilized powder

Buffer:

If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.

Research Areas:

Cancer

Function:

Involvement in disease:

Relevance:

Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration . Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide and Transforming growth factor beta-1 chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix . At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus. TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins : integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 . Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors , which transduce signal . While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain and 'milieu molecules' . Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts . Can promote either T-helper 17 cells or regulatory T-cells lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner . At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development . At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells . Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis . Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration in various cell types .

Reconstitution:

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Protein Families:

Reference:

"Activation of rat alveolar macrophage-derived latent transforming growth factor beta-1 by plasmin requires interaction with thrombospondin-1 and its cell surface receptor, CD36." Yehualaeshet T., O'Connor R., Green-Johnson J., Mai S., Silverstein R., Murphy-Ullrich J.E., Khalil N. Am. J. Pathol. 155:841-851(1999)